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Abstract Nowadays coastal tourism along with the various kinds of tourism has improved. One of those is agro tourism. It features the integration of agricultural areas and country culture. As a sustainable tourism it has an important role. Turkey must contribute to the agro tourism, which is hardly known, by introducing it. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the agro tourism issues and assess Turkey in this regard. The importance of the study is to show the shortcomings of Turkey's agro tourism. In this study, observation method was used, and data obtained from secondary sources were compiled. Consequently, government must stimulate to use the agricultural areas of Turkey for agro tourism. In Turkey alternative kinds of tourism must be developed. Agro tourism is essential for the improvement of local people and the area itself. This kind of tourism is important for both Turkish and international tourism. The ability of Turkey to contribute to agro tourism is rather sufficient so the potential of Turkey is great. The study is thought to enrich the literature on agro tourism. Keywords:Tourism, Agro Tourism, Alternative Tourism, Rural Area

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki kırsal alanlar ve kırsal alanlara kamu hizmetlerinin götürülme biçimiyle ilgilenmektedir. Cumhuriyetten itibaren meydana gelen demografik hareketlilik kırsal alanlarda yaşayan insanların yaşam alanlarından memnun olmadıklarını göstermektedir. Süreğen hale gelen göç, başlı başına bir sorun olmasının yanında, kırsal alanlarda ve kentlerde başka sorunlara da yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kırsal alan sorunlarının çözümü için, insanların yaşadıkları yerlerde mutlu olmalarını sağlayacak, yoksulluk ve özellikle yoksunluklarını giderecek kamu politikalarının uygulanması ve bu amaca uygun bir idari mekanizmanın kurulması üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu çerçevede kırsal alanların yönetiminde ve buralara hizmet götürülmesinde kent belediyeciliğinden alan belediyeciliğine geçişi gerektiren bir belediye modeli önerilmektedir. This study tackles with rural areas and the way public services are delivered to those rural areas. The population movements since the foundation of Republic indicate that people living in the rural areas are not content with their lives. Perpetual migrations bring about different problems in rural and urban areas let alone it is itself a serious problem. This study focuses on the implementation of public policies that will make people happier with the place they live and deal with poverty and deprivation, and on the establishment of an administrative mechanism accordingly. Within this framework for the administration and delivery of public services to rural areas a model that requires transition from urban municipalism to area municipalism is suggested.

13th Annual International Scientific Conference on Rural Environment, Education, Personality (REEP) -- 2020 -- Latvia Univ Life Sci, Jelgava, LATVIA WOS:000578512100033 Women and men have certain roles and responsibilities in social life. These roles and responsibilities are determined by gender. The perception of gender can be different in urban and rural areas. In this research, the gendered perception of women was investigated specifically in Tokat province. 175 women and 125 men in 25 quarters of the central district of Tokat province, who had immigrated from rural to urban areas, were given a questionnaire. The study was aimed at identifying certain views on the family life of the woman, the work life of the woman, whether the man was considered as the leader of the family, and whether these views had a relationship with gender. The study was investigated statistically using Chi-square analysis. The statistical analysis showed that there existed a significant relationship between the views of the participants on gender, and their sex. Rural women believe that women can run businesses, work as managers, continue working after marriage, their working will not hinder their household tasks and they believe that they can work after giving birth more than men do. The majority of the men that took part in the survey think that the man is the family's leader and that men should make the most important decisions. An important part of the men think women are vulnerable and they should be protected.

Rural development is the development of agriculture and non-agricultural employment in rural areas, increasing and differentiating incomes, taking measures to increase the education and entrepreneurship level of women and young people. The state, on the other hand, makes arrangements for rural development programs, projects and activities to achieve this and takes measures to ensure coordination between public institutions. In order to better manage rural areas and not to cause confusion in practice by the services brought by the institutions, the distinction of rural areas and the powers in these areas should be well defined. For this purpose; it is important to make the definition of rural areas effective in a way that does not cause problems in practice. The Law No. 6360 dated 12.11.2012 on the Establishment of the Metropolitan Municipality and Twenty-Seven Districts in Fourteen Provinces and the Amendment of Certain Laws and Statutory Decrees has been prepared by foreseeing that it will bring significant changes in rural area administrations. While the confusion about delivering services to rural areas in metropolitan municipalities continued after the local elections on 30.03.2014; tax, fee, drinking, wastewater use and obligations on some issues were put into effect after 5 years. On 16.10.2020, the regulation introduced by the Law No. 7254 on the Amendment of the Law on Public Finance Management and Control and Certain Laws could not fully clarify the issues such as rural neighborhood and rural residential area. And Then, In the Official Gazette dated 15.04.2021 and numbered 31455, it was thought that the Regulation on Rural Neighborhood and Rural Residential Area would solve the problems in practice. In this study, the issues of confusing rural area definitions, service delivery to rural areas and rural area regulations have been examined and suggestions have been put forward.

The research was planned as a descriptive and cross-sectional to determine the anxiety levels of pregnant women living in a village in a region located in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. The research took part between December 2020 and April 2021 with 230 women who were 16, 22, and 35 weeks pregnant. Data collection tools consist of the "Pregnant Identification Form" and "Cambridge Anxiety Scale (CAS)." The data were assessed by number, percentage, mean, standard deviation analysis of variance, Kruskal Wallis H, and Mann Whitney U tests in a computer environment. A statistically significant difference was determined between the age group of the spouses of the pregnant women, household size, income status and the number of pregnancies at 16 weeks of pregnancy, and the mean scores they got from the CAS (p<0,05). All pregnant women at 16, 22, and 35 weeks who stated that they had a risky situation in their current pregnancy had mean CAS scores that were statistically significantly higher than those who stated that there was no risky situation in their pregnancy (p<0,05). Consequently, it was observed that as the week of pregnancy increased, the anxiety level increased as well, and there were some variables that increased anxiety in pregnant women. Health professionals should determine the situations causing anxiety in pregnant women and act sensitively accordingly and provide training and consultancy services.

The aim of the present study is to determine the important criteria in the planning of trailer parks (caravan parks) in rural destinations based on expert opinions. The present research is an exploratory study, originated from the need to deeply understand and examine a social phenomenon. Delphi technique was used in systematically determining the trailer park criteria based on the consensus reached through expert opinions. Face-to-face interviews were conducted during the first round of the research, in which 19 experts were consulted, and expert evaluation forms were used in the second and third rounds. The main criteria determined for trailer parks were the environmental and natural, recreation activities, recreational elements and the socio-cultural. Based on the outcomes of the present study, it was observed that socio-cultural stood out as a new factor, whereas transport and accessibility were not among the trailer parks criteria. The present study focused on the travel requirements of short-term caravanners (trailer campers) and the basic services that should be provided in trailer camps. In this respect, the present research provides the basic criteria necessitated by trailers in rural destinations, moreover, defines the key criteria that separate trailer parks from campgrounds.

13th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, SGEM 2013 -- JUN 16-22, 2013 -- Albena, BULGARIA -- This study presents that wet, bulk, and dry deposition types were investigated simultaneously in two areas in the Kirklareli city center and Kirklareli rural area in the period of June 2011 - September 2011. The rural area is located 3 km southwest of Kirklareli. During the study period, 8 wet, 8 bulk, and 12 dry samples were collected simultaneously in both sampling areas. The samples were analyzed for Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, NH4(+), Cl-, NO3- and SO42- in addition to pH and altogether 252 analysis were carried out. This paper presents a comparison between wet, bulk, and dry deposition concentrations of ions in the urban and the rural areas. Mg2+ was found to be the dominant cation for wet and bulk depositions in both sampling areas. The pH values of the wet deposition in the urban area varied from 6.04 to 6.75. The arithmetic mean concentrations of ions sampled in the rural area in the wet deposition were 17-75% higher than that of the urban area.

Sustainable development is possible with a balance and harmony in social, economic and environmental terms. This harmony constitutes the trivet on which the landscape planning is established. Change and conversion is established on sound grounds with sustainable usage. A landscape is shaped as a result of the perceptions, needs and behaviors of its habitants, visitors and users. Assessing landscape elements located in different character areas with their typology is a method that facilitates perception studies. It will be possible to shape landscapes by placing ideas in a faster manner with typological generalizations on the structural elements of each character. In this study, simulations have been formed over different scenarios for the purpose of assessing rural area elements in a typological manner, and these images have been subjected to participant assessment with the Preference Experiment (PE). As a result, linear, massive and scattered elements were determined as the outstanding typology of Mountain Landscape; curved and segmental elements were determined as the outstanding typology of Water Front Landscape; and linear, point and scattered elements were determined as the outstanding typology of Plain Landscape.

The subject of the present study is the criticism meetings held regularly in the Village Institutes that were implemented to modernize rural areas of Turkey (1940-1946). Those meetings are entitled as the Assembly of Village Institutes in the present study. The purposes of the criticism meetings were to transform the Institute's students and villagers into modern individuals, eliminate the anti-reform and traditional mentality and spread the idea of a republic in rural areas. This study aims to address the success of those meetings. In the study, first of all, the situation in the villages, the life of the villagers and their mentality before the initiative were explained. Afterwards, Village Institutes initiative as well as, the impressions of the students on the first day they came to the Institute were examined. The criticism meetings held in the Institutes were elaborately assessed, and some events that took place in those meetings were stated in accordance with their sources. Finally, the achievements and success of those criticism meetings were discussed. The present study revealed that the Village Institutes that emerged as a result of the village realities were designed according to the needs of the village. The criticism meetings enabled the transformation of village children, who were docile, submissive, insecure and unaware, into self-confident individuals who knew and sought their rights, and who struggled against injustice. Although this initiative was halted by the change of government in 1946, it enabled to raise about 20 thousand people in a very short time and created a new social status group in the villages.